Many countries experienced European colonial rule, impacting their culture, economy, and politics. But some were able to avoid colonialism.
1. Ethiopia: This country remained independent, defeating Italy in the Battle of Adwa in 1896 under Emperor Menelik II.
2. Japan: Japan avoided colonisation by modernising early and building a strong military during the Meiji Restoration.
3. Thailand: This country used diplomacy and modernization to stay free, balancing relations with Britain and France.
4. Nepal: Nepal's mountainous terrain and military prowess, including the Gurkhas, helped it resist British colonization.
5. Bhutan: This country's isolationist policy and challenging geography protected its sovereignty from colonial powers.